Bibliography

10 internet sources:

Jensen, Jeff, , Entertainment Weeklyhttps://ew.com/article/2013/06/17/man-of-steel-jesus/, June 17th, 2013

This source discusses Superman’s similarities to Jesus in Zack Snyder’s film “Man of Steel”. It provides very well researched evidence from the bible and the movie to give an in-depth comparison to the life of Superman in “Man of Steel” and Jesus Christ.

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Goodwyn, Hannah, , The Christian Broadcasting Networkhttps://www1.cbn.com/movies/superman-and-jesus-supermans-origin-and-parallels-jesus, 2016

This source is from a Christian journalism group and it provides a more theological comparison to Superman and Jesus as you would expect from a religious organization.

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Gibson, David, The Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/national/on-faith/superman-jesus-figure-or-anti-christ/2013/06/27/3093f5be-df64-11e2-8cf3-35c1113cfcc5_story.html, June 27th, 2013

This source discussed how Superman has been developed and amplified into a Christlike characteristic. Not only does it provide pro-Christian relations, but it also gives a look from the anti-Christian point of view which has interesting points.

 

Craig, Justin, , FOX NEWS, https://www.foxnews.com/entertainment/man-of-steel-filled-with-jesus-christianity-references, June 14th, 2013

This source gives a look at the “Man of Steel” movie and gives some theories of Christianity in the film that may have flew by the viewer at first watch such as Superman being the same age in the movie as when Jesus died on the cross at age 33, and Superman’s father saying “He’ll be a god to them” before sending him to earth

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Mendis, John, , fervr, https://fervr.net/teen-life/the-surprising-connection-between-jesus-and-superman, June 11th, 2015

The source here is targeted to the Christian teen demography. It clearly points out the more obvious comparisons between Superman and Jesus in an intriguing way that will motivate teenagers.

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Mullen, Spencer, , THE TAKE, https://the-take.com/read/is-zack-snyders-superman-a-christ-figure,

This source gives a theory that I had not thought of while watching “Man of Steel". The theory that Zack Snyder makes superman as a Christ figure purposely with the intent of making us question our need for a messiah.

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Sen, Shoubhik, , Trending News, https://www.trendingnews.news/superman-jesus-christ-symbolism/, March 4th, 2021

This article explores Superman’s life from start to finish in “Man of Steel” and “Batman v Superman”. The point that stands out is from “Batman v Superman when Superman similarly to Jesus sacrifices his life to save humanity on earth.

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Eisenberg, Joel, Medium, https://medium.com/writing-for-your-life/the-lives-of-superman-and-jesus-as-science-fiction-parables-74a83d5c4662, April 27th, 2020

This source gives insight on the original creators of Superman. The two creators we’re Jewish men who put religious influence in the comics such as Superman’s Kyptonian name being Kal-El which translates to “voice of God” from Hebrew.

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Child, Ben , The Guardian, https://www.theguardian.com/film/2013/jun/19/man-of-steel-campaign-superman-jesus, June 19th, 2013

This source provides research into a campaign that Warner Bros specifically created to target Christian Audiences to watch “Man of Steel”. The studio even teamed up with a marketing firm and had encouraged pastors to discuss the movie in their sermons.

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McD, Ross, , METRO, https://metro.co.uk/2013/06/11/man-of-steel-the-top-20-reasons-why-superman-is-jesus-3837465/, June 11th, 2013

This source very simply and clearly states 20 reasons as to why Superman is portraying Jesus in Man of Steel. One of the reasons stated is “The whole crucific pose when he busts out of Zod’s ship” It really is that simply stated but, it really gets the point across.

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5 academic articles:

Giugni, Miriam, , Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood, Volume 7, Number 2, https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/ciec.2006.7.2.97, 2006

This academic article shows great research done in discovering how children of different faith backgrounds react with Questions about Superman and Jesus. It also provides a clear graph comparing Jesus with Superman with different “hegemonic masculinity life events” which has some inspiration by the children that were studied.

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Sam, Leith, , The Vancouver Sun, https://www.proquest.com/docview/2267297099?pq-origsite=primo, July 31st, 2019

This academic article discusses Jesus being in Comic Books. The writer reveals that he received a Jesus comic book in the 1980’s at Sunday School in hopes of making the bible more relevant and exciting to kids. A big thing about a Jesus comic book is that the whole comic book market is already filled with messiahs, and that is no different with Superman!

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Kozlovic, Anton K., , Journal of Religion & Film, Volume 7, Issue 1, The Unholy Biblical Subtexts and Other Religious Elements Built into Superman: The Movie (1978) and Superman II (1981) (unomaha.edu), April, 2003

This academic article discusses the religious elements built into “Superman: The Movie” from 1978 and “Superman II” from 1981. Many of the arguments in this article are surprisingly similar to those of the more modern Superman movies such as General Zod portraying an evil false prophet such as Satan.

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Boehm, Carl, , Journal of the Fantastic in the Arts, Vol.11, No.3, https://www.jstor.org/stable/43308456?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=superman+and+jesus&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dsuperman%2Band%2Bjesus&ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6080%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A958f2e648214445b2142cfb458315605&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents, 2000

This academic article shows that the comparison between Jesus and Superman is nothing new. This article focuses more on comics but brings in comparisons from other comics and provides information such as gospel verses.

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Kozlovic, Anton Karl, , The Furrow, Vol. 55, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27664881?Search=yes&resultItemClick=true&searchText=superman+christ&searchUri=%2Faction%2FdoBasicSearch%3FQuery%3Dsuperman%2Bchrist&ab_segments=0%2FSYC-6080%2Fcontrol&refreqid=fastly-default%3A4ef5b2253755f91258f628544286138a&seq=2#metadata_info_tab_contents, January, 2004

This academic article focuses on Christ-like figures in popular movies such as “E.T: The-Extra-Terrestrial”, “The Matrix” and of course “Superman: The Movie”. It’s helpful in being able to distinct religion within popular culture.

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3 academic books:

Nichols Wicks, Amy, , Star Booklet Series, Number one, https://www.canadiana.ca/view/oocihm.77866/7?r=0&s=1

This academic book features a lot of biblical references and actually calls Jesus “Superman” without the intent of confusing it with the DC superhero. It is clearly written with a spiritual intent but if you read it thinking that it is about Superman a good amount could have some crossover.

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Revington, Robert, , McMaster University, https://macsphere.mcmaster.ca/bitstream/11375/24284/2/Revington_Robert_C_finalsubmission2018September_MA.pdf, 2018

This academic book is extremely useful in discovering the parallels between Jesus and Superman. It provides a lot of detail and reasoning for all statements and arguments that are made. Topics include “Misconceptions about Superman and Jesus”, “Superman as Jesus in the New Millenium” as well as more useful topics.

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Gordon, Ian, , Rutgers University Press. https://www-degruyter-com.qe2a-proxy.mun.ca/document/doi/10.36019/9780813587547/html , 2017

This academic book is useful in understanding how the “Superman” franchise came along. Knowing the roots of the character and the development that came along the way in making the Superman that we know today is interesting and useful.

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